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Induced abortion: the need for resentment?

Introduction:

An abortion, whether induced or spontaneous, is the interruption of pregnancy before fetal viability (usually ,20-28 weeks gestation and / or a mass of 500 g) 1.2. This phenomenon can not be ignored. Its apparent inevitability of several jurisdictions have required decorating. Despite the restrictive laws in many countries, is conducted on a daily basis, although in ways.3 insecure-5.

Initiation of sexual behavior is a normal part of human development often occurs in adolescents, 6 whose innate environmental influences humoral environment and encourage sexual activity. The adolescent sexuality and its consequences are now recognized as a major public health, social and economic problem. Poor knowledge of reproductive biology and contraception predispose them to poor pregancy.7 unwanted, 8

Abortion is among the first five causes of death, second only to puerperal sepsis.9 No problem in medical practice, has in recent times, such as abortion, generate a magnitude of disputes, with protagonists and antagonists alike points postulating that, surprisingly, the boundaries in women's health and reproductive rights.

The Induced abortion:

Abortion may be either spontaneous or induced 1.2. Spontaneous abortion may be threatened, incomplete or complete, inevitable, lost, septic or habitual / recurrent. Habitual abortion is usually due to a development anomaly.10

Induced abortion is the leading cause of Maternal mortality in developing most nations.6, 11,12. Its criminalization has contributed more to this.13. Unsafe abortion has serious consequences in Africa, not only for women and their future reproductive career, but also their children, family and community.14, 15. Induced abortion is a serious threat to the health of women and life.

Since these terminations are secret, many crude methods adopted ,16-18 ranging from the use of local herbs, instruments (dilators and sound of the womb), laxatives, alcohol, caustics, a dilation and curettage, aspiration and evacuation.

It is amusing to observe that a histopathological report19 indicated that a significant proportion of women seeking abortion services are not pregnant. This highlights the zeal of those most and puts to question his qualifications and training.

Epidemiology:

Unwanted pregnancy is an important reproductive health problem, especially among adolescents. Pregnancy in adolescence, in turn, is associated with age, occupation and little or any education.20, 21. The most affected age group 15-19, 21-22 Single women and widows and women in polygamous marital relationship, lower parity, less education and number of living children, and women with a recent history of the current domestic violence to abortion 16,18. Although the majority of induced abortion were made by the age group of unmarried, married women constitute a significant proportion, while the best students chart23.

 

 

Why Induce Abortion? 18.23, 24.

Different views quickly moved to the forefront in terms of why is induced abortion. In general, unplanned pregnancy and therefore unwanted. Others include pedagogical considerations, the threat to the mother of life; severely deformed infant, incompetent parents, family name and integrity, disputed paternity, the personal desire not to have children, the baby's sex; high cost of raising children, short birth interval, sex marriage, cases of rape or sexual abuse, contraception, no, socio-economic review and have many children. These reasons largely define the categories of applicants for abortion.

 

Protagonist Views (In Defense of Abortion).

Not cured discussions between health care providers, advocacy groups, policy makers and legislators in many developing countries where laws are restrictive abortion.14, 25-27. This has led some countries to change the rationale (that permit abortion) 28-30; modifications13 or do some remain indifferent.31

The reasons in defense include:

A. Security: Abortion is one of the safest medical procedures which if allowed to largely avoid abortion-related death and injuries are tragic and avoidable. 14.31, 32.

B. Feminism'': The protagonists of this idea, I think it fits male superiority morality, legality and socio-cultural attitudes toward abortion and has refused an important status.25, 27.31. They propose that women regain their power to choose, as the access to safe abortion services, since this violation of women's reproductive rights is both a cause and a manifestation of women's lack of power.

c. Reduction of Maternal Mortality: The introduction of the termination of pregnancy (TOP) Act in many developing countries has been associated with a massive reduction in maternal mortality rate (MMR). The participation of midwives in abortion care has created access to women in remote rural areas.28, 29

d. outdated laws and customs 13, 26: This view considers the traditional and cultural values, perception social, religious teachings, the remnants of the old colonial laws have facilitated the stigma of abortion and its practitioners. It is proposed that in line with recent Advances in technology, the issue is approached from the perspective that emphasizes the individual right to self determination.

View antagonist

Those opposed to induced abortion have presented facts, which released the serious consequences that follow this act.

These include:

a. Breast cancer: Strong evidence emerging pose a greater risk of breast cancer after an abortion as in the postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy.33

b. Post Abortion Syndrome (PAS): This is the emotional, psychological, physical and spiritual caused by abortion, which is beyond the normal range of human experience34. This is a post-traumatic disorder characterized by an abortion of stress () and physical symptoms as insomnia and depression, one in three patients presenting after an abortion meets this criterion.

C. Infection: This is from the septic sacroilitis35 rare, as the broad ligament common after abortal abscess36 and sepsis 12, 37-39. This usually follows the use of unsterilized equipment and operating environment unhygienic.

d. The visceral organ damage: This includes injury40 bowel, and perforation of the uterus (especially at the bottom, followed by the posterior and lateral walls) 22.

E. Hemorrhage: This, in the acute phase, could lead to shock, renal shutdown or anemia in the long run. It follows the use of sharp objects, medicines, herbal (leading to endotoxemia), cervical or vaginal lacerations, and incomplete excessive endometrial curettage abortion15, 39.

F. Increased maternal mortality rate (MMR): Abortion is the second leading cause of maternal death (second bleeding). 38, 41-43

g. Secondary Infertility: This is the complication more frequent at the end of abortion. The fertility rate decreases with increasing number of abortions39, 44. This may in part be explained by structural damage to the pelvic organs and chronic pelvic infection.

h. One case was reported in mid-trimester induced abortion, using the method traditional inversion45 resulting in cancer. In addition, a high prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis is associated with people presenting for TOP46.

Conclusion / Support

Tara pain and increased abortion is vital. The pros and cons of abortion, regardless laws and the medical center for reproductive health in women. Admittedly, we all agree that the legalization of abortion in some countries has not affected the incidence or complications arising therein. This once again highlights the need for African nations to understand their roots and appreciate the old concept of time family.

I therefore agree with some researchers advocate the following: —

1. Primary prevention includes appropriate sex education and secondary prevention efforts to prompt diagnosis and treatment of complications, including contraception and other items of life planning. Parental supervision and proper education of adolescents in setting goals, decision making and value system is heavily defended in line with the African concept of family6, 7.

2. Training \ retraining of doctors and professionals health to improve their awareness of contraceptive options, calendar, available methods and their use safer sex practices, post-abortion care, and expand access to family planning, counseling and quality care 6,15,39,42,47-50.

3. The enactment of laws to the adoption of unwanted babies easy51.

4. Ensure that research results are shared with the decision of the appropriate bodies in order to influence policy and program advocacy52.

Prevention remains the key. Abstinence among adolescents and unmarried and the use appropriate to reduce the burden of contraception. The lack of facilities, access and labor continue to pose a major challenge. The idea that abortion advocates led are already born (not canceled) in fact calls for pure resentment.

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Correspondence:

Dr. Uchenna Chidi Anyanwagu

uceeanyanwagu@yahoo.com

About the Author

Anyanwagu uchenna Chidi is an intern at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. He was the editor of the ABSUMSAJ- an international student-medical journal published in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria.